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The extraction of data from blocks used for dynamic volumes was
totally broken. The data size was calculated wrong. This fix is not
perfect, the alignment is still ignored.
The parameter "header-size" is very misleading. It does not reflect
the vid hdr offset properly. I assume therefor that it only works for
the layout I am using where the vid hdr is at the _end_ of the 1st
NAND page (2048).
I added the generation of a textfile with information about the blocks
which are going into the internal graph representation.
Instead of a graph I think that a simple array will simplify the code
very much. The array must than be sorted properly to cope with older
and newer block-copies but that should not be a problem.
discussed the tool with my coleage Andreas Arnez and we found that it
might be a good idea to replace it even with a perl program for the
same purpose since that would offer the flexibility to change it on
the fly when needed. The tool is mainly used for crash analysis so it
could be an advantage to change it without needing a C-compiler.
Signed-off-by: Frank Haverkamp <haver@vnet.ibm.com>
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Drake Dawsett had done some changes to our unubi which where not yet
published. I hereby send his latest code and integrated the parameter
handling which was changed in our version. When reviewing this very
huge patch we need to ensure that possible changes of others are not
reversed.
Signed-off-by: Frank Haverkamp <haver@vnet.ibm.com>
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This patchset migrates the remaining tools (pddcustomize, ubimirror and
pfiflash) to the new libubi.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Schmidt <alexs@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
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When bad blocks occur more debug information is needed.
To identify the bad blocks the blocksize is required.
The split block mode was added to generate files per
block. In split mode the bad block markers are analyzed
and a summary is printed at the end.
Signed-off-by: Frank Haverkamp <haver@vnet.ibm.com>
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The filename for the OOB data was wrongly assigned.
OOB data could therefore not be dumped.
Signed-off-by: Frank Haverkamp <haver@vnet.ibm.com>
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Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
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Just silly hacks. Also remove udevsettle() invocation from UBI
library. If it must be called, it is not library's business
anyway. Wa added it to make scripts which use ubimkvol utility
run, so it is the only caller that really needs this. So
just move the cruft to the utility.
Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
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Rename __unused to ubi_unused to avoid clashes with system namespace
Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
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Creates the volume with maximum available size
Signed-off-by: Zoltan Sogor <weth@inf.u-szeged.hu>
Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
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This is a new feature for pfiflash, called "--compare". It allows the user
to simulate a pfiflash session without actually changing the flash
content. If the flash content is equal to the data in the pfif file,
pfiflash returns zero. A positive value is returned when the flash
content differs from the pfi file, which indicates that an update is
necessary. This feature is useful when a controller mounts an NFS share
during boot and has to determine if a pfi file stored on this share
contains a code update. Modified PDD values are also registered by the
compare feature.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Schmidt <alexs@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
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Ubimirror compares volumes before they are mirrored, but discards the
result of the comparison and alway copies volumes.
I've tested this code with equal and unequal volumes and it seems to work
fine now.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Schmidt <alexs@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <dedekind@infradead.org>
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libubimirror has several odd intendations and spacing errors.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Schmidt <alexs@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <dedekind@infradead.org>
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This patch fixes UBI tests and adds udev problems solution description.
Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
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Signed-off-by: Adrian Hunter <ext-adrian.hunter@nokia.com>
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Signed-off-by: Adrian Hunter <ext-adrian.hunter@nokia.com>
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Signed-off-by: Adrian Hunter <ext-adrian.hunter@nokia.com>
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Fix problem with multiple ubi devices
Signed-off-by: Alexander Schmidt <alexs@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Josh Boyer <jwboyer@gmail.com>
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Incrementing the version number was forgotten in the previous patch.
Signed-off-by: Frank Haverkamp <haver@vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Josh Boyer <jwboyer@gmail.com>
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Pfiflash should erase raw flash regions before overwriting them and check for
bad blocks in case of NAND flash.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Schmidt <alexs@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Frank Haverkamp <haver@vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Josh Boyer <jwboyer@gmail.com>
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The variable written was not properly initialized. That causes the
-j option to fail.
Signed-off-by: Frank Haverkamp <haver@vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Josh Boyer <jwboyer@gmail.com>
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Signed-off-by: Josh Boyer <jwboyer@gmail.com>
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Fix the syntax description in the help and usage messages for ubiupdatevol.
Signed-off-by: Timo Lindhorst <lindhors@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
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Remove getopt extern declarations
Minor whitespace cleanups
Remove incorrect program names that snuck in during getopt rewrite
Change comments to match reality
Signed-off-by: Josh Boyer <jwboyer@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Frank Haverkamp <haver@vnet.ibm.com>
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The tools had a mixture of different version numbers. This is changed now.
The internal change to move to remove glibc dependencies should be reflected
by an increase of the version number, so that we can react if trouble is
seen with the new code.
Singed-off-by: Frank Haverkamp <haver@vnet.ibm.com>
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Various little fixes including some whitespace fixups.
Signed-off-by: Frank Haverkamp <haver@vnet.ibm.com>
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The file containing the data needs to be added as argument.
The support got lost when removing the argp parsing.
Signed-off-by: Frank Haverkamp <haver@vnet.ibm.com>
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Signed-off-by: Josh Boyer <jwboyer@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Frank Haverkamp <haver@vnet.ibm.com>
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Signed-off-by: Josh Boyer <jwboyer@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Frank Haverkamp <haver@vnet.ibm.com>
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Signed-off-by: Josh Boyer <jwboyer@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Frank Haverkamp <haver@vnet.ibm.com>
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Signed-off-by: Josh Boyer <jwboyer@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Frank Haverkamp <haver@vnet.ibm.com>
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Signed-off-by: Josh Boyer <jwboyer@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Frank Haverkamp <haver@vnet.ibm.com>
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Signed-off-by: Josh Boyer <jwboyer@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Frank Haverkamp <haver@vnet.ibm.com>
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Signed-off-by: Josh Boyer <jwboyer@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Frank Haverkamp <haver@vnet.ibm.com>
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Signed-off-by: Josh Boyer <jwboyer@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Frank Haverkamp <haver@vnet.ibm.com>
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Signed-off-by: Josh Boyer <jwboyer@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Frank Haverkamp <haver@vnet.ibm.com>
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Signed-off-by: Josh Boyer <jwboyer@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Frank Haverkamp <haver@vnet.ibm.com>
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Signed-off-by: Josh Boyer <jwboyer@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Frank Haverkamp <haver@vnet.ibm.com>
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Signed-off-by: Josh Boyer <jwboyer@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Frank Haverkamp <haver@vnet.ibm.com>
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Signed-off-by: Josh Boyer <jwboyer@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Frank Haverkamp <haver@vnet.ibm.com>
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Signed-off-by: Josh Boyer <jwboyer@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Frank Haverkamp <haver@vnet.ibm.com>
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The new version can create a gnuplot graph of the erase count statistics.
It can also extract UBI volumes and single blocks with a preanalysis of
the EC as well as the VID header. It has a manual page too ;-).
Signed-off-by: Frank Haverkamp <haver@vnet.ibm.com>
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Flashing of raw partitions should be possible now.
CRC checking of pfi files before flashing the content was added.
Signed-off-by: Frank Haverkamp <haver@vnet.ibm.com>
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Signed-off-by: Frank Haverkamp <haver@vnet.ibm.com>
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Signed-off-by: Frank Haverkamp <haver@vnet.ibm.com>
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UBI (Latin: "where?") manages multiple logical volumes on a single
flash device, specifically supporting NAND flash devices. UBI provides
a flexible partitioning concept which still allows for wear-levelling
across the whole flash device.
In a sense, UBI may be compared to the Logical Volume Manager
(LVM). Whereas LVM maps logical sector numbers to physical HDD sector
numbers, UBI maps logical eraseblocks to physical eraseblocks.
More information may be found in the UBI design documentation:
ubidesign.pdf. Which can be found here:
http://www.linux-mtd.infradead.org/doc/ubi.html
Partitioning/Re-partitioning
An UBI volume occupies a certain number of erase blocks. This is
limited by a configured maximum volume size, which could also be
viewed as the partition size. Each individual UBI volume's size can
be changed independently of the other UBI volumes, provided that the
sum of all volume sizes doesn't exceed a certain limit.
UBI supports dynamic volumes and static volumes. Static volumes are
read-only and their contents are protected by CRC check sums.
Bad eraseblocks handling
UBI transparently handles bad eraseblocks. When a physical
eraseblock becomes bad, it is substituted by a good physical
eraseblock, and the user does not even notice this.
Scrubbing
On a NAND flash bit flips can occur on any write operation,
sometimes also on read. If bit flips persist on the device, at first
they can still be corrected by ECC, but once they accumulate,
correction will become impossible. Thus it is best to actively scrub
the affected eraseblock, by first copying it to a free eraseblock
and then erasing the original. The UBI layer performs this type of
scrubbing under the covers, transparently to the UBI volume users.
Erase Counts
UBI maintains an erase count header per eraseblock. This frees
higher-level layers (like file systems) from doing this and allows
for centralized erase count management instead. The erase counts are
used by the wear-levelling algorithm in the UBI layer. The algorithm
itself is exchangeable.
Booting from NAND
For booting directly from NAND flash the hardware must at least be
capable of fetching and executing a small portion of the NAND
flash. Some NAND flash controllers have this kind of support. They
usually limit the window to a few kilobytes in erase block 0. This
"initial program loader" (IPL) must then contain sufficient logic to
load and execute the next boot phase.
Due to bad eraseblocks, which may be randomly scattered over the
flash device, it is problematic to store the "secondary program
loader" (SPL) statically. Also, due to bit-flips it may become
corrupted over time. UBI allows to solve this problem gracefully by
storing the SPL in a small static UBI volume.
UBI volumes vs. static partitions
UBI volumes are still very similar to static MTD partitions:
* both consist of eraseblocks (logical eraseblocks in case of UBI
volumes, and physical eraseblocks in case of static partitions;
* both support three basic operations - read, write, erase.
But UBI volumes have the following advantages over traditional
static MTD partitions:
* there are no eraseblock wear-leveling constraints in case of UBI
volumes, so the user should not care about this;
* there are no bit-flips and bad eraseblocks in case of UBI volumes.
So, UBI volumes may be considered as flash devices with relaxed
restrictions.
Where can it be found?
Documentation, kernel code and applications can be found in the MTD
gits.
What are the applications for?
The applications help to create binary flash images for two
purposes: pfi files (partial flash images) for in-system update of
UBI volumes, and plain binary images, with or without OOB data in
case of NAND, for a manufacturing step. Furthermore some tools
are/and will be created that allow flash content analysis after a
system has crashed.
Who did UBI?
The original ideas, where UBI is based on, were developed by Andreas
Arnez, Frank Haverkamp and Thomas Gleixner. Josh W. Boyer and
some others were involved too. The implementation of the kernel
layer was done by Artem B. Bityutskiy. The user-space applications
and tools were written by Oliver Lohmann with contributions from
Frank Haverkamp, Andreas Arnez, and Artem. Joern Engel contributed a
patch which modifies JFFS2 so that it can be run on a UBI
volume. Thomas Gleixner did modifications to the NAND layer and also
some to JFFS2 to make it work.
Signed-off-by: Frank Haverkamp <haver@vnet.ibm.com>
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