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+/*
+ * nandwrite.c
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2000 Steven J. Hill (sjhill@realitydiluted.com)
+ * 2003 Thomas Gleixner (tglx@linutronix.de)
+ *
+ * $Id: nandwrite.c,v 1.32 2005/11/07 11:15:13 gleixner Exp $
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * Overview:
+ * This utility writes a binary image directly to a NAND flash
+ * chip or NAND chips contained in DoC devices. This is the
+ * "inverse operation" of nanddump.
+ *
+ * tglx: Major rewrite to handle bad blocks, write data with or without ECC
+ * write oob data only on request
+ *
+ * Bug/ToDo:
+ */
+
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <getopt.h>
+
+#include <asm/types.h>
+#include "mtd/mtd-user.h"
+
+#define PROGRAM "nandwrite"
+#define VERSION "$Revision: 1.32 $"
+
+#define MAX_PAGE_SIZE 2048
+#define MAX_OOB_SIZE 64
+
+/*
+ * Buffer array used for writing data
+ */
+unsigned char writebuf[MAX_PAGE_SIZE];
+unsigned char oobbuf[MAX_OOB_SIZE];
+unsigned char oobreadbuf[MAX_OOB_SIZE];
+
+// oob layouts to pass into the kernel as default
+struct nand_oobinfo none_oobinfo = {
+ .useecc = MTD_NANDECC_OFF,
+};
+
+struct nand_oobinfo jffs2_oobinfo = {
+ .useecc = MTD_NANDECC_PLACE,
+ .eccbytes = 6,
+ .eccpos = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 }
+};
+
+struct nand_oobinfo yaffs_oobinfo = {
+ .useecc = MTD_NANDECC_PLACE,
+ .eccbytes = 6,
+ .eccpos = { 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15}
+};
+
+struct nand_oobinfo autoplace_oobinfo = {
+ .useecc = MTD_NANDECC_AUTOPLACE
+};
+
+void display_help (void)
+{
+ printf("Usage: nandwrite [OPTION] MTD_DEVICE INPUTFILE\n"
+ "Writes to the specified MTD device.\n"
+ "\n"
+ " -a, --autoplace Use auto oob layout\n"
+ " -j, --jffs2 force jffs2 oob layout (legacy support)\n"
+ " -y, --yaffs force yaffs oob layout (legacy support)\n"
+ " -f, --forcelegacy force legacy support on autoplacement enabled mtd device\n"
+ " -n, --noecc write without ecc\n"
+ " -o, --oob image contains oob data\n"
+ " -s addr, --start=addr set start address (default is 0)\n"
+ " -p, --pad pad to page size\n"
+ " -b, --blockalign=1|2|4 set multiple of eraseblocks to align to\n"
+ " -q, --quiet don't display progress messages\n"
+ " --help display this help and exit\n"
+ " --version output version information and exit\n");
+ exit(0);
+}
+
+void display_version (void)
+{
+ printf(PROGRAM " " VERSION "\n"
+ "\n"
+ "Copyright (C) 2003 Thomas Gleixner \n"
+ "\n"
+ PROGRAM " comes with NO WARRANTY\n"
+ "to the extent permitted by law.\n"
+ "\n"
+ "You may redistribute copies of " PROGRAM "\n"
+ "under the terms of the GNU General Public Licence.\n"
+ "See the file `COPYING' for more information.\n");
+ exit(0);
+}
+
+char *mtd_device, *img;
+int mtdoffset = 0;
+int quiet = 0;
+int writeoob = 0;
+int autoplace = 0;
+int forcejffs2 = 0;
+int forceyaffs = 0;
+int forcelegacy = 0;
+int noecc = 0;
+int pad = 0;
+int blockalign = 1; /*default to using 16K block size */
+
+void process_options (int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+ int error = 0;
+
+ for (;;) {
+ int option_index = 0;
+ static const char *short_options = "ab:fjnopqs:y";
+ static const struct option long_options[] = {
+ {"help", no_argument, 0, 0},
+ {"version", no_argument, 0, 0},
+ {"autoplace", no_argument, 0, 'a'},
+ {"blockalign", required_argument, 0, 'b'},
+ {"forcelegacy", no_argument, 0, 'f'},
+ {"jffs2", no_argument, 0, 'j'},
+ {"noecc", no_argument, 0, 'n'},
+ {"oob", no_argument, 0, 'o'},
+ {"pad", no_argument, 0, 'p'},
+ {"quiet", no_argument, 0, 'q'},
+ {"start", required_argument, 0, 's'},
+ {"yaffs", no_argument, 0, 'y'},
+ {0, 0, 0, 0},
+ };
+
+ int c = getopt_long(argc, argv, short_options,
+ long_options, &option_index);
+ if (c == EOF) {
+ break;
+ }
+
+ switch (c) {
+ case 0:
+ switch (option_index) {
+ case 0:
+ display_help();
+ break;
+ case 1:
+ display_version();
+ break;
+ }
+ break;
+ case 'q':
+ quiet = 1;
+ break;
+ case 'a':
+ autoplace = 1;
+ break;
+ case 'j':
+ forcejffs2 = 1;
+ break;
+ case 'y':
+ forceyaffs = 1;
+ break;
+ case 'f':
+ forcelegacy = 1;
+ break;
+ case 'n':
+ noecc = 1;
+ break;
+ case 'o':
+ writeoob = 1;
+ break;
+ case 'p':
+ pad = 1;
+ break;
+ case 's':
+ mtdoffset = atoi (optarg);
+ break;
+ case 'b':
+ blockalign = atoi (optarg);
+ break;
+ case '?':
+ error = 1;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+ if ((argc - optind) != 2 || error)
+ display_help ();
+
+ mtd_device = argv[optind++];
+ img = argv[optind];
+}
+
+/*
+ * Main program
+ */
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+ int cnt, fd, ifd, imglen = 0, pagelen, baderaseblock, blockstart = -1;
+ struct mtd_info_user meminfo;
+ struct mtd_oob_buf oob;
+ loff_t offs;
+ int ret, readlen;
+ int oobinfochanged = 0;
+ struct nand_oobinfo old_oobinfo;
+
+ process_options(argc, argv);
+
+ memset(oobbuf, 0xff, sizeof(oobbuf));
+
+ if (pad && writeoob) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "Can't pad when oob data is present.\n");
+ exit(1);
+ }
+
+ /* Open the device */
+ if ((fd = open(mtd_device, O_RDWR)) == -1) {
+ perror("open flash");
+ exit(1);
+ }
+
+ /* Fill in MTD device capability structure */
+ if (ioctl(fd, MEMGETINFO, &meminfo) != 0) {
+ perror("MEMGETINFO");
+ close(fd);
+ exit(1);
+ }
+
+ /* Set erasesize to specified number of blocks - to match jffs2 (virtual) block size */
+ meminfo.erasesize *= blockalign;
+
+ /* Make sure device page sizes are valid */
+ if (!(meminfo.oobsize == 16 && meminfo.oobblock == 512) &&
+ !(meminfo.oobsize == 8 && meminfo.oobblock == 256) &&
+ !(meminfo.oobsize == 64 && meminfo.oobblock == 2048)) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "Unknown flash (not normal NAND)\n");
+ close(fd);
+ exit(1);
+ }
+
+ /* Read the current oob info */
+ if (ioctl (fd, MEMGETOOBSEL, &old_oobinfo) != 0) {
+ perror ("MEMGETOOBSEL");
+ close (fd);
+ exit (1);
+ }
+
+ // write without ecc ?
+ if (noecc) {
+ if (ioctl (fd, MEMSETOOBSEL, &none_oobinfo) != 0) {
+ perror ("MEMSETOOBSEL");
+ close (fd);
+ exit (1);
+ }
+ oobinfochanged = 1;
+ }
+
+ // autoplace ECC ?
+ if (autoplace && (old_oobinfo.useecc != MTD_NANDECC_AUTOPLACE)) {
+
+ if (ioctl (fd, MEMSETOOBSEL, &autoplace_oobinfo) != 0) {
+ perror ("MEMSETOOBSEL");
+ close (fd);
+ exit (1);
+ }
+ oobinfochanged = 1;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * force oob layout for jffs2 or yaffs ?
+ * Legacy support
+ */
+ if (forcejffs2 || forceyaffs) {
+ struct nand_oobinfo *oobsel = forcejffs2 ? &jffs2_oobinfo : &yaffs_oobinfo;
+
+ if (autoplace) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "Autoplacement is not possible for legacy -j/-y options\n");
+ goto restoreoob;
+ }
+ if ((old_oobinfo.useecc == MTD_NANDECC_AUTOPLACE) && !forcelegacy) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "Use -f option to enforce legacy placement on autoplacement enabled mtd device\n");
+ goto restoreoob;
+ }
+ if (meminfo.oobsize == 8) {
+ if (forceyaffs) {
+ fprintf (stderr, "YAFSS cannot operate on 256 Byte page size");
+ goto restoreoob;
+ }
+ /* Adjust number of ecc bytes */
+ jffs2_oobinfo.eccbytes = 3;
+ }
+
+ if (ioctl (fd, MEMSETOOBSEL, oobsel) != 0) {
+ perror ("MEMSETOOBSEL");
+ goto restoreoob;
+ }
+ }
+
+ oob.length = meminfo.oobsize;
+ oob.ptr = noecc ? oobreadbuf : oobbuf;
+
+ /* Open the input file */
+ if ((ifd = open(img, O_RDONLY)) == -1) {
+ perror("open input file");
+ goto restoreoob;
+ }
+
+ // get image length
+ imglen = lseek(ifd, 0, SEEK_END);
+ lseek (ifd, 0, SEEK_SET);
+
+ pagelen = meminfo.oobblock + ((writeoob == 1) ? meminfo.oobsize : 0);
+
+ // Check, if file is pagealigned
+ if ((!pad) && ((imglen % pagelen) != 0)) {
+ fprintf (stderr, "Input file is not page aligned\n");
+ goto closeall;
+ }
+
+ // Check, if length fits into device
+ if ( ((imglen / pagelen) * meminfo.oobblock) > (meminfo.size - mtdoffset)) {
+ fprintf (stderr, "Image %d bytes, NAND page %d bytes, OOB area %u bytes, device size %u bytes\n",
+ imglen, pagelen, meminfo.oobblock, meminfo.size);
+ perror ("Input file does not fit into device");
+ goto closeall;
+ }
+
+ /* Get data from input and write to the device */
+ while (imglen && (mtdoffset < meminfo.size)) {
+ // new eraseblock , check for bad block(s)
+ // Stay in the loop to be sure if the mtdoffset changes because
+ // of a bad block, that the next block that will be written to
+ // is also checked. Thus avoiding errors if the block(s) after the
+ // skipped block(s) is also bad (number of blocks depending on
+ // the blockalign
+ while (blockstart != (mtdoffset & (~meminfo.erasesize + 1))) {
+ blockstart = mtdoffset & (~meminfo.erasesize + 1);
+ offs = blockstart;
+ baderaseblock = 0;
+ if (!quiet)
+ fprintf (stdout, "Writing data to block %x\n", blockstart);
+
+ /* Check all the blocks in an erase block for bad blocks */
+ do {
+ if ((ret = ioctl(fd, MEMGETBADBLOCK, &offs)) < 0) {
+ perror("ioctl(MEMGETBADBLOCK)");
+ goto closeall;
+ }
+ if (ret == 1) {
+ baderaseblock = 1;
+ if (!quiet)
+ fprintf (stderr, "Bad block at %x, %u block(s) from %x will be skipped\n", (int) offs, blockalign, blockstart);
+ }
+
+ if (baderaseblock) {
+ mtdoffset = blockstart + meminfo.erasesize;
+ }
+ offs += meminfo.erasesize / blockalign ;
+ } while ( offs < blockstart + meminfo.erasesize );
+
+ }
+
+ readlen = meminfo.oobblock;
+ if (pad && (imglen < readlen))
+ {
+ readlen = imglen;
+ memset(writebuf + readlen, 0xff, meminfo.oobblock - readlen);
+ }
+
+ /* Read Page Data from input file */
+ if ((cnt = read(ifd, writebuf, readlen)) != readlen) {
+ if (cnt == 0) // EOF
+ break;
+ perror ("File I/O error on input file");
+ goto closeall;
+ }
+
+ if (writeoob) {
+ /* Read OOB data from input file, exit on failure */
+ if ((cnt = read(ifd, oobreadbuf, meminfo.oobsize)) != meminfo.oobsize) {
+ perror ("File I/O error on input file");
+ goto closeall;
+ }
+ if (!noecc) {
+ int i, start, len;
+ /*
+ * We use autoplacement and have the oobinfo with the autoplacement
+ * information from the kernel available
+ *
+ * Modified to support out of order oobfree segments,
+ * such as the layout used by diskonchip.c
+ */
+ if (!oobinfochanged && (old_oobinfo.useecc == MTD_NANDECC_AUTOPLACE)) {
+ for (i = 0;old_oobinfo.oobfree[i][1]; i++) {
+ /* Set the reserved bytes to 0xff */
+ start = old_oobinfo.oobfree[i][0];
+ len = old_oobinfo.oobfree[i][1];
+ memcpy(oobbuf + start,
+ oobreadbuf + start,
+ len);
+ }
+ } else {
+ /* Set at least the ecc byte positions to 0xff */
+ start = old_oobinfo.eccbytes;
+ len = meminfo.oobsize - start;
+ memcpy(oobbuf + start,
+ oobreadbuf + start,
+ len);
+ }
+ }
+ /* Write OOB data first, as ecc will be placed in there*/
+ oob.start = mtdoffset;
+ if (ioctl(fd, MEMWRITEOOB, &oob) != 0) {
+ perror ("ioctl(MEMWRITEOOB)");
+ goto closeall;
+ }
+ imglen -= meminfo.oobsize;
+ }
+
+ /* Write out the Page data */
+ if (pwrite(fd, writebuf, meminfo.oobblock, mtdoffset) != meminfo.oobblock) {
+ perror ("pwrite");
+ goto closeall;
+ }
+ imglen -= readlen;
+ mtdoffset += meminfo.oobblock;
+ }
+
+ closeall:
+ close(ifd);
+
+ restoreoob:
+ if (oobinfochanged) {
+ if (ioctl (fd, MEMSETOOBSEL, &old_oobinfo) != 0) {
+ perror ("MEMSETOOBSEL");
+ close (fd);
+ exit (1);
+ }
+ }
+
+ close(fd);
+
+ if (imglen > 0) {
+ perror ("Data did not fit into device, due to bad blocks\n");
+ exit (1);
+ }
+
+ /* Return happy */
+ return 0;
+}
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