Merge branch 'ubi'

1 files changed, 1076 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/ubi-utils/src/libpfiflash.c b/ubi-utils/src/libpfiflash.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f1f5cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ubi-utils/src/libpfiflash.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1076 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) International Business Machines Corp., 2006
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See
+ * the GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Authors: Oliver Lohmann <oliloh@de.ibm.com>
+ *	    Drake Dowsett <dowsett@de.ibm.com>
+ * Contact: Andreas Arnez <anrez@de.ibm.com>
+ */
+
+/* TODO Compare data before writing it. This implies that the volume
+ * parameters are compared first: size, alignment, name, type, ...,
+ * this is the same, compare the data. Volume deletion is deffered
+ * until the difference has been found out.
+ */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#define __USE_GNU
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+
+#include <libubiold.h>
+#include <pfiflash.h>
+
+#include <mtd/ubi-user.h>	/* FIXME Is this ok here? */
+#include <mtd/mtd-user.h>
+
+#include "pfiflash_error.h"
+#include "ubimirror.h"
+#include "error.h"
+#include "reader.h"
+#include "example_ubi.h"
+#include "bootenv.h"
+
+/* ubi-header.h and crc32.h needed for CRC checking */
+#include <mtd/ubi-header.h>	/* FIXME Is this ok here? */
+#include "crc32.h"
+
+#define __unused __attribute__((unused))
+
+static const char copyright [] __unused =
+	"Copyright (c) International Business Machines Corp., 2006";
+
+/* simply clear buffer, then write into front of it */
+#define EBUF(fmt...)							\
+		snprintf(err_buf, err_buf_size, fmt);
+
+/* make a history of buffer and then prepend something in front */
+#define EBUF_PREPEND(fmt)						\
+	do {								\
+		int EBUF_HISTORY_LENGTH = strlen(err_buf);		\
+		char EBUF_HISTORY[EBUF_HISTORY_LENGTH + 1];		\
+		strncpy(EBUF_HISTORY, err_buf, EBUF_HISTORY_LENGTH + 1);\
+		EBUF(fmt ": %s", EBUF_HISTORY);				\
+	} while (0)
+
+/* An array of PDD function pointers indexed by the algorithm. */
+static pdd_func_t pdd_funcs[PDD_HANDLING_NUM]  =
+	{
+		&bootenv_pdd_keep,
+		&bootenv_pdd_merge,
+		&bootenv_pdd_overwrite
+	};
+
+typedef enum ubi_update_process_t {
+	UBI_REMOVE = 0,
+	UBI_WRITE,
+} ubi_update_process_t;
+
+
+/**
+ * skip_raw_volumes - reads data from pfi to advance fp past raw block
+ * @pfi:	fp to pfi data
+ * @pfi_raws:	header information
+ *
+ * Error handling):
+ *	when early EOF in pfi data
+ *	- returns -PFIFLASH_ERR_EOF, err_buf matches text to err
+ *	when file I/O error
+ *	- returns -PFIFLASH_ERR_FIO, err_buf matches text to err
+ **/
+static int
+skip_raw_volumes(FILE* pfi, list_t pfi_raws,
+		  char* err_buf, size_t err_buf_size)
+{
+	int rc;
+	void *i;
+	list_t ptr;
+
+	if (is_empty(pfi_raws))
+		return 0;
+
+	rc = 0;
+	foreach(i, ptr, pfi_raws) {
+		size_t j;
+		pfi_raw_t raw;
+
+		raw = (pfi_raw_t)i;
+		for(j = 0; j < raw->data_size; j++) {
+			int c;
+
+			c = fgetc(pfi);
+			if (c == EOF)
+				rc = -PFIFLASH_ERR_EOF;
+			else if (ferror(pfi))
+				rc = -PFIFLASH_ERR_FIO;
+
+			if (rc != 0)
+				goto err;
+		}
+	}
+
+ err:
+	EBUF(PFIFLASH_ERRSTR[-rc]);
+	return rc;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * my_ubi_mkvol - wraps the ubi_mkvol functions and impl. bootenv update hook
+ * @devno:	UBI device number.
+ * @s:		Current seqnum.
+ * @u:		Information about the UBI volume from the PFI.
+ *
+ * Error handling:
+ *	when UBI system couldn't be opened
+ *	- returns -PFIFLASH_ERR_UBI_OPEN, err_buf matches text to err
+ *	when UBI system couldn't create a volume
+ *	- returns -PFIFLASH_ERR_UBI_MKVOL, err_buf matches text to err
+ **/
+static int
+my_ubi_mkvol(int devno, int s, pfi_ubi_t u,
+	     char *err_buf, size_t err_buf_size)
+{
+	int rc, type;
+	ubi_lib_t ulib;
+
+	rc = 0;
+	ulib = NULL;
+
+	log_msg("[ ubimkvol id=%d, size=%d, data_size=%d, type=%d, "
+		"alig=%d, nlen=%d, name=%s",
+		u->ids[s], u->size, u->data_size, u->type, u->alignment,
+		strnlen(u->names[s], PFI_UBI_VOL_NAME_LEN), u->names[s]);
+
+	rc = ubi_open(&ulib);
+	if (rc != 0) {
+		rc = -PFIFLASH_ERR_UBI_OPEN;
+		EBUF(PFIFLASH_ERRSTR[-rc]);
+		goto err;
+	}
+
+	switch (u->type) {
+	case pfi_ubi_static:
+		type = UBI_STATIC_VOLUME; break;
+	case pfi_ubi_dynamic:
+	default:
+		type = UBI_DYNAMIC_VOLUME;
+	}
+
+	rc = ubi_mkvol(ulib, devno, u->ids[s], type, u->size, u->alignment,
+		       u->names[s]);
+	if (rc != 0) {
+		rc = -PFIFLASH_ERR_UBI_MKVOL;
+		EBUF(PFIFLASH_ERRSTR[-rc], u->ids[s]);
+		goto err;
+	}
+
+ err:
+	if (ulib != NULL)
+		ubi_close(&ulib);
+
+	return rc;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * my_ubi_rmvol - a wrapper around the UBI library function ubi_rmvol
+ * @devno	UBI device number
+ * @id		UBI volume id to remove
+ *
+ * If the volume does not exist, the function will return success.
+ *
+ * Error handling:
+ *	when UBI system couldn't be opened
+ *	- returns -PFIFLASH_ERR_UBI_OPEN, err_buf matches text to err
+ *	when UBI system couldn't update (truncate) a volume
+ *	- returns -PFIFLASH_ERR_UBI_VOL_UPDATE, err_buf matches text to err
+ *	when UBI system couldn't remove a volume
+ *	- returns -PFIFLASH_ERR_UBI_RMVOL, err_buf matches text to err
+ **/
+static int
+my_ubi_rmvol(int devno, uint32_t id,
+	     char *err_buf, size_t err_buf_size)
+{
+	int rc, fd;
+	ubi_lib_t ulib;
+
+	rc = 0;
+	ulib = NULL;
+
+	log_msg("[ ubirmvol id=%d", id);
+
+	rc = ubi_open(&ulib);
+	if (rc != 0) {
+		rc = -PFIFLASH_ERR_UBI_OPEN;
+		EBUF(PFIFLASH_ERRSTR[-rc]);
+		goto err;
+	}
+
+	/* truncate whether it exist or not */
+	fd = ubi_vol_open(ulib, devno, id, O_RDWR);
+	if (fd == -1)
+		return 0;	/* not existent, return 0 */
+
+	rc = ubi_vol_update(fd, 0);
+	ubi_vol_close(fd);
+	if (rc < 0) {
+		rc = -PFIFLASH_ERR_UBI_VOL_UPDATE;
+		EBUF(PFIFLASH_ERRSTR[-rc], id);
+		goto err;	/* if EBUSY than empty device, continue */
+	}
+
+	rc = ubi_rmvol(ulib, devno, id);
+	if (rc != 0) {
+#ifdef DEBUG
+		int rc_old = rc;
+		dbg_msg("Remove UBI volume %d returned with error: %d "
+			"errno=%d", id, rc_old, errno);
+#endif
+
+		rc = -PFIFLASH_ERR_UBI_RMVOL;
+		EBUF(PFIFLASH_ERRSTR[-rc], id);
+
+		/* TODO Define a ubi_rmvol return value which says
+		 * sth like EUBI_NOSUCHDEV. In this case, a failed
+		 * operation is acceptable. Everything else has to be
+		 * classified as real error. But talk to Andreas Arnez
+		 * before defining something odd...
+		 */
+		/* if ((errno == EINVAL) || (errno == ENODEV))
+		   return 0; */ /* currently it is EINVAL or ENODEV */
+
+		goto err;
+	}
+
+ err:
+	if (ulib != NULL)
+		ubi_close(&ulib);
+
+	return rc;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * read_bootenv_volume - reads the current bootenv data from id into be_old
+ * @devno	UBI device number
+ * @id		UBI volume id to remove
+ * @bootenv_old	to hold old boot_env data
+ *
+ * Error handling:
+ *	when UBI system couldn't be opened
+ *	- returns -PFIFLASH_ERR_UBI_OPEN, err_buf matches text to err
+ *	when UBI system couldn't open a volume to read
+ *	- returns -PFIFLASH_ERR_UBI_VOL_FOPEN, err_buf matches text to err
+ *	when couldn't read bootenv data
+ *	- returns -PFIFLASH_ERR_BOOTENV_READ, err_buf matches text to err
+ **/
+static int
+read_bootenv_volume(int devno, uint32_t id, bootenv_t bootenv_old,
+		    char *err_buf, size_t err_buf_size)
+{
+	int rc;
+	FILE* fp_in;
+	ubi_lib_t ulib;
+
+	rc = 0;
+	fp_in = NULL;
+	ulib = NULL;
+
+	rc = ubi_open(&ulib);
+	if (rc != 0) {
+		rc = -PFIFLASH_ERR_UBI_OPEN;
+		EBUF(PFIFLASH_ERRSTR[-rc]);
+		goto err;
+	}
+
+	fp_in = ubi_vol_fopen_read(ulib, devno, id);
+	if (!fp_in) {
+		rc = -PFIFLASH_ERR_UBI_VOL_FOPEN;
+		EBUF(PFIFLASH_ERRSTR[-rc], id);
+		goto err;
+	}
+
+	log_msg("[ reading old bootenvs ...");
+
+	/* Save old bootenvs for reference */
+	rc = bootenv_read(fp_in, bootenv_old, BOOTENV_MAXSIZE);
+	if (rc != 0) {
+		rc = -PFIFLASH_ERR_BOOTENV_READ;
+		EBUF(PFIFLASH_ERRSTR[-rc]);
+		goto err;
+	}
+
+ err:
+	if (fp_in)
+		fclose(fp_in);
+	if (ulib)
+		ubi_close(&ulib);
+
+	return rc;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * write_bootenv_volume - writes data from PFI file int to bootenv UBI volume
+ * @devno	UBI device number
+ * @id		UBI volume id
+ * @bootend_old	old PDD data from machine
+ * @pdd_f	function to handle PDD with
+ * @fp_in	new pdd data contained in PFI
+ * @fp_in_size	data size of new pdd data in PFI
+ * @pfi_crc	crc value from PFI header
+ *
+ * Error handling:
+ *	when UBI system couldn't be opened
+ *	- returns -PFIFLASH_ERR_UBI_OPEN, err_buf matches text to err
+ *	when bootenv can't be created
+ *	- returns -PFIFLASH_ERR_BOOTENV_CREATE, err_buf matches text to err
+ *	when bootenv can't be read
+ *	- returns -PFIFLASH_ERR_BOOTENV_READ, err_buf matches text to err
+ *	when PDD handling function returns and error
+ *	- passes rc and err_buf data
+ *	when CRC check fails
+ *	- returns -PFIFLASH_ERR_CRC_CHECK, err_buf matches text to err
+ *	when bootenv can't be resized
+ *	- returns -PFIFLASH_ERR_BOOTENV_SIZE, err_buf matches text to err
+ *	when UBI system couldn't open a volume
+ *	- returns -PFIFLASH_ERR_UBI_VOL_FOPEN, err_buf matches text to err
+ *	when couldn't write bootenv data
+ *	- returns -PFIFLASH_ERR_BOOTENV_WRITE, err_buf matches text to err
+ **/
+static int
+write_bootenv_volume(int devno, uint32_t id, bootenv_t bootenv_old,
+		     pdd_func_t pdd_f, FILE* fp_in, size_t fp_in_size,
+		     uint32_t pfi_crc,
+		     char *err_buf, size_t err_buf_size)
+{
+	int rc, warnings;
+	uint32_t crc;
+	size_t update_size;
+	FILE *fp_out;
+	bootenv_t bootenv_new, bootenv_res;
+	ubi_lib_t ulib;
+
+	rc = 0;
+	warnings = 0;
+	crc = 0;
+	update_size = 0;
+	fp_out = NULL;
+	bootenv_new = NULL;
+	bootenv_res = NULL;
+	ulib = NULL;
+
+	log_msg("[ ubiupdatevol bootenv id=%d, fp_in=%p", id, fp_in);
+
+	/* Workflow:
+	 * 1. Apply PDD operation and get the size of the returning
+	 *    bootenv_res section. Without the correct size it wouldn't
+	 *    be possible to call UBI update vol.
+	 * 2. Call UBI update vol
+	 * 3. Get FILE* to vol dev
+	 * 4. Write to FILE*
+	 */
+
+	rc = ubi_open(&ulib);
+	if (rc != 0) {
+		rc = -PFIFLASH_ERR_UBI_OPEN;
+		EBUF(PFIFLASH_ERRSTR[-rc]);
+		goto err;
+	}
+
+	rc = bootenv_create(&bootenv_new);
+	if (rc != 0) {
+		rc = -PFIFLASH_ERR_BOOTENV_CREATE;
+		EBUF(PFIFLASH_ERRSTR[-rc], " 'new'");
+		goto err;
+	}
+
+	rc = bootenv_create(&bootenv_res);
+	if (rc != 0) {
+		rc = -PFIFLASH_ERR_BOOTENV_CREATE;
+		EBUF(PFIFLASH_ERRSTR[-rc], " 'res'");
+		goto err;
+	}
+
+	rc = bootenv_read_crc(fp_in, bootenv_new, fp_in_size, &crc);
+	if (rc != 0) {
+		rc = -PFIFLASH_ERR_BOOTENV_READ;
+		EBUF(PFIFLASH_ERRSTR[-rc]);
+		goto err;
+	} else if (crc != pfi_crc) {
+		rc = -PFIFLASH_ERR_CRC_CHECK;
+		EBUF(PFIFLASH_ERRSTR[-rc], pfi_crc, crc);
+		goto err;
+	}
+
+	rc = pdd_f(bootenv_old, bootenv_new, &bootenv_res, &warnings,
+		   err_buf, err_buf_size);
+	if (rc != 0) {
+		EBUF_PREPEND("handling PDD");
+		goto err;
+	}
+	else if (warnings)
+		/* TODO do something with warnings */
+		dbg_msg("A warning in the PDD operation occured: %d",
+			warnings);
+
+	rc = bootenv_size(bootenv_res, &update_size);
+	if (rc != 0) {
+		rc = -PFIFLASH_ERR_BOOTENV_SIZE;
+		EBUF(PFIFLASH_ERRSTR[-rc]);
+		goto err;
+	}
+
+	fp_out = ubi_vol_fopen_update(ulib, devno, id, update_size);
+	if (!fp_out) {
+		rc = -PFIFLASH_ERR_UBI_VOL_FOPEN;
+		EBUF(PFIFLASH_ERRSTR[-rc], id);
+		goto err;
+	}
+
+	rc = bootenv_write(fp_out, bootenv_res);
+	if (rc != 0) {
+		rc = -PFIFLASH_ERR_BOOTENV_WRITE;
+		EBUF(PFIFLASH_ERRSTR[-rc], devno, id);
+		goto err;
+	}
+
+ err:
+	if (ulib != NULL)
+		ubi_close(&ulib);
+	if (bootenv_new != NULL)
+		bootenv_destroy(&bootenv_new);
+	if (bootenv_res != NULL)
+		bootenv_destroy(&bootenv_res);
+	if (fp_out)
+		fclose(fp_out);
+
+	return rc;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * write_normal_volume - writes data from PFI file int to regular UBI volume
+ * @devno	UBI device number
+ * @id		UBI volume id
+ * @update_size	size of data stream
+ * @fp_in	PFI data file pointer
+ * @pfi_crc	CRC data from PFI header
+ *
+ * Error handling:
+ *	when UBI system couldn't be opened
+ *	- returns -PFIFLASH_ERR_UBI_OPEN, err_buf matches text to err
+ *	when UBI system couldn't open a volume
+ *	- returns -PFIFLASH_ERR_UBI_VOL_FOPEN, err_buf matches text to err
+ *	when unexpected EOF is encountered
+ *	- returns -PFIFLASH_ERR_EOF, err_buf matches text to err
+ *	when file I/O error
+ *	- returns -PFIFLASH_ERR_FIO, err_buf matches text to err
+ *	when CRC check fails
+ *	- retruns -PFIFLASH_ERR_CRC_CHECK, err_buf matches text to err
+ **/
+static int
+write_normal_volume(int devno, uint32_t id, size_t update_size, FILE* fp_in,
+		    uint32_t pfi_crc,
+		    char *err_buf, size_t err_buf_size)
+{
+	int rc;
+	uint32_t crc, crc32_table[256];
+	size_t bytes_left;
+	FILE* fp_out;
+	ubi_lib_t ulib;
+
+	rc = 0;
+	crc = UBI_CRC32_INIT;
+	bytes_left = update_size;
+	fp_out = NULL;
+	ulib = NULL;
+
+	log_msg("[ ubiupdatevol id=%d, update_size=%d fp_in=%p",
+		id, update_size, fp_in);
+
+	rc = ubi_open(&ulib);
+	if (rc != 0) {
+		rc = -PFIFLASH_ERR_UBI_OPEN;
+		EBUF(PFIFLASH_ERRSTR[-rc]);
+		goto err;
+	}
+
+	fp_out = ubi_vol_fopen_update(ulib, devno, id, update_size);
+	if (!fp_out) {
+		rc = -PFIFLASH_ERR_UBI_VOL_FOPEN;
+		EBUF(PFIFLASH_ERRSTR[-rc], id);
+		goto err;
+	}
+
+	init_crc32_table(crc32_table);
+	while (bytes_left) {
+		char buf[1024];
+		size_t to_rw = sizeof buf > bytes_left ?
+			bytes_left : sizeof buf;
+		if (fread(buf, 1, to_rw, fp_in) != to_rw) {
+			rc = -PFIFLASH_ERR_EOF;
+			EBUF(PFIFLASH_ERRSTR[-rc]);
+			goto err;
+		}
+		crc = clc_crc32(crc32_table, crc, buf, to_rw);
+		if (fwrite(buf, 1, to_rw, fp_out) != to_rw) {
+			rc = -PFIFLASH_ERR_FIO;
+			EBUF(PFIFLASH_ERRSTR[-rc]);
+			goto err;
+		}
+		bytes_left -= to_rw;
+	}
+
+	if (crc != pfi_crc) {
+		rc = -PFIFLASH_ERR_CRC_CHECK;
+		EBUF(PFIFLASH_ERRSTR[-rc], pfi_crc, crc);
+		goto err;
+	}
+
+ err:
+	if (fp_out)
+		fclose(fp_out);
+	if (ulib)
+		ubi_close(&ulib);
+
+	return rc;
+}
+
+static int
+erase_mtd_region(FILE* file_p, int start, int length)
+{
+	int rc, fd;
+	erase_info_t erase;
+	mtd_info_t mtdinfo;
+	loff_t offset = start;
+	loff_t end = offset + length;
+
+	fd = fileno(file_p);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		return -PFIFLASH_ERR_MTD_ERASE;
+
+	rc = ioctl(fd, MEMGETINFO, &mtdinfo);
+	if (rc)
+		return -PFIFLASH_ERR_MTD_ERASE;
+
+	/* check for bad blocks in case of NAND flash */
+	if (mtdinfo.type == MTD_NANDFLASH) {
+		while (offset < end) {
+			rc = ioctl(fd, MEMGETBADBLOCK, &offset);
+			if (rc > 0) {
+				return -PFIFLASH_ERR_MTD_ERASE;
+			}
+
+			offset += mtdinfo.erasesize;
+		}
+	}
+
+	erase.start = start;
+	erase.length = length;
+
+	rc = ioctl(fd, MEMERASE, &erase);
+	if (rc) {
+		return -PFIFLASH_ERR_MTD_ERASE;
+	}
+
+	return rc;
+}
+
+/**
+ * process_raw_volumes - writes the raw sections of the PFI data
+ * @pfi		PFI data file pointer
+ * @pfi_raws	list of PFI raw headers
+ * @rawdev	device to use to write raw data
+ *
+ * Error handling:
+ *	when early EOF in PFI data
+ *	- returns -PFIFLASH_ERR_EOF, err_buf matches text to err
+ *	when file I/O error
+ *	- returns -PFIFLASH_ERR_FIO, err_buf matches text to err
+ *	when CRC check fails
+ *	- returns -PFIFLASH_ERR_CRC_CHECK, err_buf matches text to err
+ *	when opening MTD device fails
+ *	- reutrns -PFIFLASH_ERR_MTD_OPEN, err_buf matches text to err
+ *	when closing MTD device fails
+ *	- returns -PFIFLASH_ERR_MTD_CLOSE, err_buf matches text to err
+ **/
+static int
+process_raw_volumes(FILE* pfi, list_t pfi_raws, const char* rawdev,
+		    char* err_buf, size_t err_buf_size)
+{
+	int rc;
+	char *pfi_data;
+	void *i;
+	uint32_t crc, crc32_table[256];
+	size_t j, k;
+	FILE* mtd = NULL;
+	list_t ptr;
+
+	if (is_empty(pfi_raws))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (rawdev == NULL)
+		return 0;
+
+	rc = 0;
+
+	pfi_data = NULL;
+
+	log_msg("[ rawupdate dev=%s", rawdev);
+
+	crc = UBI_CRC32_INIT;
+	init_crc32_table(crc32_table);
+
+	/* most likely only one element in list, but just in case */
+	foreach(i, ptr, pfi_raws) {
+		pfi_raw_t r = (pfi_raw_t)i;
+
+		/* read in pfi data */
+		if (pfi_data != NULL)
+			free(pfi_data);
+		pfi_data = malloc(r->data_size * sizeof(char));
+		for (j = 0; j < r->data_size; j++) {
+			int c = fgetc(pfi);
+			if (c == EOF) {
+				rc = -PFIFLASH_ERR_EOF;
+				EBUF(PFIFLASH_ERRSTR[-rc]);
+				goto err;
+			} else if (ferror(pfi)) {
+				rc = -PFIFLASH_ERR_FIO;
+				EBUF(PFIFLASH_ERRSTR[-rc]);
+				goto err;
+			}
+			pfi_data[j] = (char)c;
+		}
+		crc = clc_crc32(crc32_table, crc, pfi_data, r->data_size);
+
+		/* check crc */
+		if (crc != r->crc) {
+			rc = -PFIFLASH_ERR_CRC_CHECK;
+			EBUF(PFIFLASH_ERRSTR[-rc], r->crc, crc);
+			goto err;
+		}
+
+		/* open device */
+		mtd = fopen(rawdev, "r+");
+		if (mtd == NULL) {
+			rc = -PFIFLASH_ERR_MTD_OPEN;
+			EBUF(PFIFLASH_ERRSTR[-rc], rawdev);
+			goto err;
+		}
+
+		for (j = 0; j < r->starts_size; j++) {
+			rc = erase_mtd_region(mtd, r->starts[j], r->data_size);
+			if (rc) {
+				EBUF(PFIFLASH_ERRSTR[-rc]);
+				goto err;
+			}
+
+			fseek(mtd, r->starts[j], SEEK_SET);
+			for (k = 0; k < r->data_size; k++) {
+				int c = fputc((int)pfi_data[k], mtd);
+				if (c == EOF) {
+					fclose(mtd);
+					rc = -PFIFLASH_ERR_EOF;
+					EBUF(PFIFLASH_ERRSTR[-rc]);
+					goto err;
+				}
+				if ((char)c != pfi_data[k]) {
+					fclose(mtd);
+					rc = -1;
+					goto err;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		rc = fclose(mtd);
+		mtd = NULL;
+		if (rc != 0) {
+			rc = -PFIFLASH_ERR_MTD_CLOSE;
+			EBUF(PFIFLASH_ERRSTR[-rc], rawdev);
+			goto err;
+		}
+	}
+
+ err:
+	if (mtd != NULL)
+		fclose(mtd);
+	if (pfi_data != NULL)
+		free(pfi_data);
+	return rc;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * erase_unmapped_ubi_volumes - skip volumes provided by PFI file, clear rest
+ * @devno	UBI device number
+ * @pfi_ubis	list of UBI header data
+ *
+ * Error handling:
+ *	when UBI id is out of bounds
+ *	- returns -PFIFLASH_ERR_UBI_VID_OOB, err_buf matches text to err
+ *	when UBI volume can't be removed
+ *	- passes rc, prepends err_buf with contextual aid
+ **/
+static int
+erase_unmapped_ubi_volumes(int devno, list_t pfi_ubis,
+			   char *err_buf, size_t err_buf_size)
+{
+	int rc;
+	uint8_t ubi_volumes[PFI_UBI_MAX_VOLUMES];
+	size_t i;
+	list_t ptr;
+	pfi_ubi_t u;
+
+	rc = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < PFI_UBI_MAX_VOLUMES; i++)
+		ubi_volumes[i] = 1;
+
+	foreach(u, ptr, pfi_ubis) {
+		/* iterate over each vol_id */
+		for(i = 0; i < u->ids_size; i++) {
+			if (u->ids[i] >= PFI_UBI_MAX_VOLUMES) {
+				rc = -PFIFLASH_ERR_UBI_VID_OOB;
+				EBUF(PFIFLASH_ERRSTR[-rc], u->ids[i]);
+				goto err;
+			}
+			/* remove from removal list */
+			ubi_volumes[u->ids[i]] = 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < PFI_UBI_MAX_VOLUMES; i++) {
+		if (ubi_volumes[i]) {
+			rc = my_ubi_rmvol(devno, i, err_buf, err_buf_size);
+			if (rc != 0) {
+				EBUF_PREPEND("remove volume failed");
+				goto err;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+ err:
+	return rc;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * process_ubi_volumes - delegate tasks regarding UBI volumes
+ * @pfi			PFI data file pointer
+ * @seqnum		sequence number
+ * @pfi_ubis		list of UBI header data
+ * @bootenv_old		storage for current system PDD
+ * @pdd_f		function to handle PDD
+ * @ubi_update_process	whether reading or writing
+ *
+ * Error handling:
+ *	when and unknown ubi_update_process is given
+ *	- returns -PFIFLASH_ERR_UBI_UNKNOWN, err_buf matches text to err
+ *	otherwise
+ *	- passes rc and err_buf
+ **/
+static int
+process_ubi_volumes(FILE* pfi, int seqnum, list_t pfi_ubis,
+		    bootenv_t bootenv_old, pdd_func_t pdd_f,
+		    ubi_update_process_t ubi_update_process,
+		    char *err_buf, size_t err_buf_size)
+{
+	int rc;
+	pfi_ubi_t u;
+	list_t ptr;
+
+	rc = 0;
+
+	foreach(u, ptr, pfi_ubis) {
+		int s = seqnum;
+
+		if (s > ((int)u->ids_size - 1))
+			s = 0; /* per default use the first */
+		u->curr_seqnum = s;
+
+		switch (ubi_update_process) {
+		case UBI_REMOVE:
+			/* TODO are all these "EXAMPLE" vars okay? */
+			if ((u->ids[s] == EXAMPLE_BOOTENV_VOL_ID_1) ||
+			    (u->ids[s] == EXAMPLE_BOOTENV_VOL_ID_2)) {
+				rc = read_bootenv_volume(EXAMPLE_UBI_DEVICE,
+							 u->ids[s], bootenv_old,
+							 err_buf, err_buf_size);
+				/* it's okay if there is no bootenv
+				 * we're going to write one */
+				if ((rc == -PFIFLASH_ERR_UBI_VOL_FOPEN) ||
+				    (rc == -PFIFLASH_ERR_BOOTENV_READ))
+					rc = 0;
+				if (rc != 0)
+					goto err;
+			}
+
+			rc = my_ubi_rmvol(EXAMPLE_UBI_DEVICE, u->ids[s],
+					  err_buf, err_buf_size);
+			if (rc != 0)
+				goto err;
+
+			break;
+		case UBI_WRITE:
+			rc = my_ubi_mkvol(EXAMPLE_UBI_DEVICE, s, u,
+					  err_buf, err_buf_size);
+			if (rc != 0) {
+				EBUF_PREPEND("creating volume");
+				goto err;
+			}
+
+			if ((u->ids[s] == EXAMPLE_BOOTENV_VOL_ID_1) ||
+			    (u->ids[s] == EXAMPLE_BOOTENV_VOL_ID_2)) {
+				rc = write_bootenv_volume(EXAMPLE_UBI_DEVICE,
+							  u->ids[s],
+							  bootenv_old, pdd_f,
+							  pfi,
+							  u->data_size,
+							  u->crc,
+							  err_buf,
+							  err_buf_size);
+				if (rc != 0)
+					EBUF_PREPEND("bootenv volume");
+			} else {
+				rc = write_normal_volume(EXAMPLE_UBI_DEVICE,
+							 u->ids[s],
+							 u->data_size, pfi,
+							 u->crc,
+							 err_buf,
+							 err_buf_size);
+				if (rc != 0)
+					EBUF_PREPEND("normal volume");
+			}
+			if (rc != 0)
+				goto err;
+
+			break;
+		default:
+			rc = -PFIFLASH_ERR_UBI_UNKNOWN;
+			EBUF(PFIFLASH_ERRSTR[-rc]);
+			goto err;
+		}
+	}
+
+ err:
+	return rc;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * mirror_ubi_volumes - mirror redundant pairs of volumes
+ * @devno	UBI device number
+ * @pfi_ubis	list of PFI header data
+ *
+ * Error handling:
+ *	when UBI system couldn't be opened
+ *	- returns -PFIFLASH_ERR_UBI_OPEN, err_buf matches text to err
+ **/
+static int
+mirror_ubi_volumes(uint32_t devno, list_t pfi_ubis,
+		   char *err_buf, size_t err_buf_size)
+{
+	int rc;
+	uint32_t j;
+	list_t ptr;
+	pfi_ubi_t i;
+	ubi_lib_t ulib;
+
+	rc = 0;
+	ulib = NULL;
+
+	log_msg("[ mirror ...");
+
+	rc = ubi_open(&ulib);
+	if (rc != 0) {
+		rc = -PFIFLASH_ERR_UBI_OPEN;
+		EBUF(PFIFLASH_ERRSTR[-rc]);
+		goto err;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Execute all mirror operations on redundant groups.
+	 * Create a volume within a redundant group if it does
+	 * not exist already (this is a precondition of
+	 * ubimirror).
+	 */
+	foreach(i, ptr, pfi_ubis) {
+		for (j = 0; j < i->ids_size; j++) {
+			/* skip self-match */
+			if (i->ids[j] == i->ids[i->curr_seqnum])
+				continue;
+
+			rc = my_ubi_rmvol(devno, i->ids[j],
+					  err_buf, err_buf_size);
+			if (rc != 0)
+				goto err;
+
+			rc = my_ubi_mkvol(devno, j, i,
+					  err_buf, err_buf_size);
+			if (rc != 0)
+				goto err;
+		}
+	}
+
+	foreach(i, ptr, pfi_ubis) {
+		rc = ubimirror(devno, i->curr_seqnum, i->ids, i->ids_size,
+			       err_buf, err_buf_size);
+		if (rc != 0)
+			goto err;
+	}
+
+
+ err:
+	if (ulib != NULL)
+		ubi_close(&ulib);
+
+	return rc;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * pfiflash_with_raw - exposed func to flash memory with a PFI file
+ * @pfi			PFI data file pointer
+ * @complete		flag to erase unmapped volumes
+ * @seqnum		sequence number
+ * @pdd_handling	method to handle pdd (keep, merge, overwrite...)
+ *
+ * Error handling:
+ *	when bootenv can't be created
+ *	- returns -PFIFLASH_ERR_BOOTENV_CREATE, err_buf matches text to err
+ *	when PFI headers can't be read, or
+ *	when fail to skip raw sections, or
+ *	when error occurs while processing raw volumes, or
+ *	when fail to erase unmapped UBI vols, or
+ *	when error occurs while processing UBI volumes, or
+ *	when error occurs while mirroring UBI volumes
+ *	- passes rc, prepends err_buf with contextual aid
+ **/
+int
+pfiflash_with_raw(FILE* pfi, int complete, int seqnum,
+		  pdd_handling_t pdd_handling, const char* rawdev,
+		  char *err_buf, size_t err_buf_size)
+{
+	int rc;
+	bootenv_t bootenv;
+	pdd_func_t pdd_f;
+
+	if (pfi == NULL)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	rc = 0;
+	pdd_f = NULL;
+
+	/* If the user didnt specify a seqnum we start per default
+	 * with the index 0 */
+	int curr_seqnum = seqnum < 0 ? 0 : seqnum;
+
+	list_t pfi_raws   = mk_empty(); /* list of raw sections from a pfi */
+	list_t pfi_ubis   = mk_empty(); /* list of ubi sections from a pfi */
+
+	rc = bootenv_create(&bootenv);
+	if (rc != 0) {
+		rc = -PFIFLASH_ERR_BOOTENV_CREATE;
+		EBUF(PFIFLASH_ERRSTR[-rc], "");
+		goto err;
+	}
+
+	rc = read_pfi_headers(&pfi_raws, &pfi_ubis, pfi, err_buf, err_buf_size);
+	if (rc != 0) {
+		EBUF_PREPEND("reading PFI header");
+		goto err;
+	}
+
+	if (rawdev == NULL)
+		rc = skip_raw_volumes(pfi, pfi_raws, err_buf, err_buf_size);
+	else
+		rc = process_raw_volumes(pfi, pfi_raws, rawdev, err_buf,
+					 err_buf_size);
+	if (rc != 0) {
+		EBUF_PREPEND("handling raw section");
+		goto err;
+	}
+
+	if (complete) {
+		rc = erase_unmapped_ubi_volumes(EXAMPLE_UBI_DEVICE, pfi_ubis,
+						err_buf, err_buf_size);
+		if (rc != 0) {
+			EBUF_PREPEND("deleting unmapped UBI volumes");
+			goto err;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (((int)pdd_handling >= 0) &&
+	    (pdd_handling < PDD_HANDLING_NUM))
+		pdd_f = pdd_funcs[pdd_handling];
+	else {
+		rc = -PFIFLASH_ERR_PDD_UNKNOWN;
+		EBUF(PFIFLASH_ERRSTR[-rc]);
+		goto err;
+	}
+
+	rc = process_ubi_volumes(pfi, curr_seqnum, pfi_ubis, bootenv, pdd_f,
+				 UBI_REMOVE, err_buf, err_buf_size);
+	if (rc != 0) {
+		EBUF_PREPEND("removing UBI volumes");
+		goto err;
+	}
+
+	rc = process_ubi_volumes(pfi, curr_seqnum, pfi_ubis, bootenv, pdd_f,
+				 UBI_WRITE, err_buf, err_buf_size);
+	if  (rc != 0) {
+		EBUF_PREPEND("writing UBI volumes");
+		goto err;
+	}
+
+	if (seqnum < 0) { /* mirror redundant pairs */
+		rc = mirror_ubi_volumes(EXAMPLE_UBI_DEVICE, pfi_ubis,
+					err_buf, err_buf_size);
+		if (rc != 0) {
+			EBUF_PREPEND("mirroring UBI volumes");
+			goto err;
+		}
+	}
+
+ err:
+	pfi_raws = remove_all((free_func_t)&free_pfi_raw, pfi_raws);
+	pfi_ubis = remove_all((free_func_t)&free_pfi_ubi, pfi_ubis);
+	bootenv_destroy(&bootenv);
+	return rc;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * pfiflash - passes to pfiflash_with_raw
+ * @pfi			PFI data file pointer
+ * @complete		flag to erase unmapped volumes
+ * @seqnum		sequence number
+ * @pdd_handling	method to handle pdd (keep, merge, overwrite...)
+ **/
+int
+pfiflash(FILE* pfi, int complete, int seqnum, pdd_handling_t pdd_handling,
+	 char *err_buf, size_t err_buf_size)
+{
+	return pfiflash_with_raw(pfi, complete, seqnum, pdd_handling,
+				 NULL, err_buf, err_buf_size);
+}