aboutsummaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/nanddump.c
blob: be458c62eec9d2d7bb2aa60169be961fd01e0267 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
/*
 *  nanddump.c
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 2000 David Woodhouse (dwmw2@infradead.org)
 *                     Steven J. Hill (sjhill@realitydiluted.com)
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
 *
 *  Overview:
 *   This utility dumps the contents of raw NAND chips or NAND
 *   chips contained in DoC devices.
 */

#define PROGRAM_NAME "nanddump"

#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <ctype.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>

#include <asm/types.h>
#include <mtd/mtd-user.h>
#include "common.h"
#include <libmtd.h>

static void display_help(void)
{
	printf(
"Usage: %s [OPTIONS] MTD-device\n"
"Dumps the contents of a nand mtd partition.\n"
"\n"
"           --help               Display this help and exit\n"
"           --version            Output version information and exit\n"
"           --bb=METHOD          Choose bad block handling method (see below).\n"
"-a         --forcebinary        Force printing of binary data to tty\n"
"-c         --canonicalprint     Print canonical Hex+ASCII dump\n"
"-f file    --file=file          Dump to file\n"
"-l length  --length=length      Length\n"
"-n         --noecc              Read without error correction\n"
"           --omitoob            Omit OOB data (default)\n"
"-o         --oob                Dump OOB data\n"
"-p         --prettyprint        Print nice (hexdump)\n"
"-q         --quiet              Don't display progress and status messages\n"
"-s addr    --startaddress=addr  Start address\n"
"\n"
"--bb=METHOD, where METHOD can be `padbad', `dumpbad', or `skipbad':\n"
"    padbad:  dump flash data, substituting 0xFF for any bad blocks\n"
"    dumpbad: dump flash data, including any bad blocks\n"
"    skipbad: dump good data, completely skipping any bad blocks (default)\n",
	PROGRAM_NAME);
	exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

static void display_version(void)
{
	printf("%1$s " VERSION "\n"
			"\n"
			"%1$s comes with NO WARRANTY\n"
			"to the extent permitted by law.\n"
			"\n"
			"You may redistribute copies of %1$s\n"
			"under the terms of the GNU General Public Licence.\n"
			"See the file `COPYING' for more information.\n",
			PROGRAM_NAME);
	exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

// Option variables

static bool			pretty_print = false;	// print nice
static bool			noecc = false;		// don't error correct
static bool			omitoob = true;		// omit oob data
static long long		start_addr;		// start address
static long long		length;			// dump length
static const char		*mtddev;		// mtd device name
static const char		*dumpfile;		// dump file name
static bool			quiet = false;		// suppress diagnostic output
static bool			canonical = false;	// print nice + ascii
static bool			forcebinary = false;	// force printing binary to tty

static enum {
	padbad,   // dump flash data, substituting 0xFF for any bad blocks
	dumpbad,  // dump flash data, including any bad blocks
	skipbad,  // dump good data, completely skipping any bad blocks
} bb_method = skipbad;

static void process_options(int argc, char * const argv[])
{
	int error = 0;
	bool oob_default = true;

	for (;;) {
		int option_index = 0;
		static const char *short_options = "s:f:l:opqnca";
		static const struct option long_options[] = {
			{"help", no_argument, 0, 0},
			{"version", no_argument, 0, 0},
			{"bb", required_argument, 0, 0},
			{"omitoob", no_argument, 0, 0},
			{"forcebinary", no_argument, 0, 'a'},
			{"canonicalprint", no_argument, 0, 'c'},
			{"file", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
			{"oob", no_argument, 0, 'o'},
			{"prettyprint", no_argument, 0, 'p'},
			{"startaddress", required_argument, 0, 's'},
			{"length", required_argument, 0, 'l'},
			{"noecc", no_argument, 0, 'n'},
			{"quiet", no_argument, 0, 'q'},
			{0, 0, 0, 0},
		};

		int c = getopt_long(argc, argv, short_options,
				long_options, &option_index);
		if (c == EOF) {
			break;
		}

		switch (c) {
			case 0:
				switch (option_index) {
					case 0:
						display_help();
						break;
					case 1:
						display_version();
						break;
					case 2:
						/* Handle --bb=METHOD */
						if (!strcmp(optarg, "padbad"))
							bb_method = padbad;
						else if (!strcmp(optarg, "dumpbad"))
							bb_method = dumpbad;
						else if (!strcmp(optarg, "skipbad"))
							bb_method = skipbad;
						else
							error++;
						break;
					case 3: /* --omitoob */
						if (oob_default) {
							oob_default = false;
							omitoob = true;
						} else {
							errmsg_die("--oob and --oomitoob are mutually exclusive");
						}
						break;
				}
				break;
			case 's':
				start_addr = simple_strtoll(optarg, &error);
				break;
			case 'f':
				if (!(dumpfile = strdup(optarg))) {
					perror("stddup");
					exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
				}
				break;
			case 'l':
				length = simple_strtoll(optarg, &error);
				break;
			case 'o':
				if (oob_default) {
					oob_default = false;
					omitoob = false;
				} else {
					errmsg_die("--oob and --oomitoob are mutually exclusive");
				}
				break;
			case 'a':
				forcebinary = true;
				break;
			case 'c':
				canonical = true;
			case 'p':
				pretty_print = true;
				break;
			case 'q':
				quiet = true;
				break;
			case 'n':
				noecc = true;
				break;
			case '?':
				error++;
				break;
		}
	}

	if (start_addr < 0)
		errmsg_die("Can't specify negative offset with option -s: %lld",
				start_addr);

	if (length < 0)
		errmsg_die("Can't specify negative length with option -l: %lld", length);

	if (quiet && pretty_print) {
		fprintf(stderr, "The quiet and pretty print options are mutually-\n"
				"exclusive. Choose one or the other.\n");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	if (forcebinary && pretty_print) {
		fprintf(stderr, "The forcebinary and pretty print options are\n"
				"mutually-exclusive. Choose one or the "
				"other.\n");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	if ((argc - optind) != 1 || error)
		display_help();

	mtddev = argv[optind];
}

#define PRETTY_ROW_SIZE 16
#define PRETTY_BUF_LEN 80

/**
 * pretty_dump_to_buffer - formats a blob of data to "hex ASCII" in memory
 * @buf: data blob to dump
 * @len: number of bytes in the @buf
 * @linebuf: where to put the converted data
 * @linebuflen: total size of @linebuf, including space for terminating NULL
 * @pagedump: true - dumping as page format; false - dumping as OOB format
 * @ascii: dump ascii formatted data next to hexdump
 * @prefix: address to print before line in a page dump, ignored if !pagedump
 *
 * pretty_dump_to_buffer() works on one "line" of output at a time, i.e.,
 * PRETTY_ROW_SIZE bytes of input data converted to hex + ASCII output.
 *
 * Given a buffer of unsigned char data, pretty_dump_to_buffer() converts the
 * input data to a hex/ASCII dump at the supplied memory location. A prefix
 * is included based on whether we are dumping page or OOB data. The converted
 * output is always NULL-terminated.
 *
 * e.g.
 *   pretty_dump_to_buffer(data, data_len, prettybuf, linelen, true,
 *                         false, 256);
 * produces:
 *   0x00000100: 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 4a 4b 4c 4d 4e 4f
 * NOTE: This function was adapted from linux kernel, "lib/hexdump.c"
 */
static void pretty_dump_to_buffer(const unsigned char *buf, size_t len,
		char *linebuf, size_t linebuflen, bool pagedump, bool ascii,
		unsigned long long prefix)
{
	static const char hex_asc[] = "0123456789abcdef";
	unsigned char ch;
	unsigned int j, lx = 0, ascii_column;

	if (pagedump)
		lx += sprintf(linebuf, "0x%.8llx: ", prefix);
	else
		lx += sprintf(linebuf, "  OOB Data: ");

	if (!len)
		goto nil;
	if (len > PRETTY_ROW_SIZE)	/* limit to one line at a time */
		len = PRETTY_ROW_SIZE;

	for (j = 0; (j < len) && (lx + 3) <= linebuflen; j++) {
		ch = buf[j];
		linebuf[lx++] = hex_asc[(ch & 0xf0) >> 4];
		linebuf[lx++] = hex_asc[ch & 0x0f];
		linebuf[lx++] = ' ';
	}
	if (j)
		lx--;

	ascii_column = 3 * PRETTY_ROW_SIZE + 14;

	if (!ascii)
		goto nil;

	/* Spacing between hex and ASCII - ensure at least one space */
	lx += sprintf(linebuf + lx, "%*s",
			MAX((int)MIN(linebuflen, ascii_column) - 1 - lx, 1),
			" ");

	linebuf[lx++] = '|';
	for (j = 0; (j < len) && (lx + 2) < linebuflen; j++)
		linebuf[lx++] = (isascii(buf[j]) && isprint(buf[j])) ? buf[j]
			: '.';
	linebuf[lx++] = '|';
nil:
	linebuf[lx++] = '\n';
	linebuf[lx++] = '\0';
}


/*
 * Main program
 */
int main(int argc, char * const argv[])
{
	long long ofs, end_addr = 0;
	long long blockstart = 1;
	int i, fd, ofd = 0, bs, badblock = 0;
	struct mtd_dev_info mtd;
	char pretty_buf[PRETTY_BUF_LEN];
	int firstblock = 1;
	struct mtd_ecc_stats stat1, stat2;
	bool eccstats = false;
	unsigned char *readbuf = NULL, *oobbuf = NULL;
	libmtd_t mtd_desc;

	process_options(argc, argv);

	/* Initialize libmtd */
	mtd_desc = libmtd_open();
	if (!mtd_desc)
		return errmsg("can't initialize libmtd");

	/* Open MTD device */
	if ((fd = open(mtddev, O_RDONLY)) == -1) {
		perror(mtddev);
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	/* Fill in MTD device capability structure */
	if (mtd_get_dev_info(mtd_desc, mtddev, &mtd) < 0)
		return errmsg("mtd_get_dev_info failed");

	/* Allocate buffers */
	oobbuf = xmalloc(sizeof(oobbuf) * mtd.oob_size);
	readbuf = xmalloc(sizeof(readbuf) * mtd.min_io_size);

	if (noecc)  {
		if (ioctl(fd, MTDFILEMODE, MTD_FILE_MODE_RAW) != 0) {
				perror("MTDFILEMODE");
				goto closeall;
		}
	} else {
		/* check if we can read ecc stats */
		if (!ioctl(fd, ECCGETSTATS, &stat1)) {
			eccstats = true;
			if (!quiet) {
				fprintf(stderr, "ECC failed: %d\n", stat1.failed);
				fprintf(stderr, "ECC corrected: %d\n", stat1.corrected);
				fprintf(stderr, "Number of bad blocks: %d\n", stat1.badblocks);
				fprintf(stderr, "Number of bbt blocks: %d\n", stat1.bbtblocks);
			}
		} else
			perror("No ECC status information available");
	}

	/* Open output file for writing. If file name is "-", write to standard
	 * output. */
	if (!dumpfile) {
		ofd = STDOUT_FILENO;
	} else if ((ofd = open(dumpfile, O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC | O_CREAT, 0644))== -1) {
		perror(dumpfile);
		goto closeall;
	}

	if (!pretty_print && !forcebinary && isatty(ofd)) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Not printing binary garbage to tty. Use '-a'\n"
				"or '--forcebinary' to override.\n");
		goto closeall;
	}

	/* Initialize start/end addresses and block size */
	if (start_addr & (mtd.min_io_size - 1)) {
		fprintf(stderr, "the start address (-s parameter) is not page-aligned!\n"
				"The pagesize of this NAND Flash is 0x%x.\n",
				mtd.min_io_size);
		goto closeall;
	}
	if (length)
		end_addr = start_addr + length;
	if (!length || end_addr > mtd.size)
		end_addr = mtd.size;

	bs = mtd.min_io_size;

	/* Print informative message */
	if (!quiet) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Block size %d, page size %d, OOB size %d\n",
				mtd.eb_size, mtd.min_io_size, mtd.oob_size);
		fprintf(stderr,
				"Dumping data starting at 0x%08llx and ending at 0x%08llx...\n",
				start_addr, end_addr);
	}

	/* Dump the flash contents */
	for (ofs = start_addr; ofs < end_addr; ofs += bs) {
		/* Check for bad block */
		if (bb_method == dumpbad) {
			badblock = 0;
		} else if (blockstart != (ofs & (~mtd.eb_size + 1)) ||
				firstblock) {
			blockstart = ofs & (~mtd.eb_size + 1);
			firstblock = 0;
			if ((badblock = mtd_is_bad(&mtd, fd, ofs / mtd.eb_size)) < 0) {
				errmsg("libmtd: mtd_is_bad");
				goto closeall;
			}
		}

		if (badblock) {
			/* skip bad block, increase end_addr */
			if (bb_method == skipbad) {
				end_addr += mtd.eb_size;
				ofs += mtd.eb_size - bs;
				if (end_addr > mtd.size)
					end_addr = mtd.size;
				continue;
			}
			memset(readbuf, 0xff, bs);
		} else {
			/* Read page data and exit on failure */
			if (mtd_read(&mtd, fd, ofs / mtd.eb_size, ofs % mtd.eb_size, readbuf, bs)) {
				errmsg("mtd_read");
				goto closeall;
			}
		}

		/* ECC stats available ? */
		if (eccstats) {
			if (ioctl(fd, ECCGETSTATS, &stat2)) {
				perror("ioctl(ECCGETSTATS)");
				goto closeall;
			}
			if (stat1.failed != stat2.failed)
				fprintf(stderr, "ECC: %d uncorrectable bitflip(s)"
						" at offset 0x%08llx\n",
						stat2.failed - stat1.failed, ofs);
			if (stat1.corrected != stat2.corrected)
				fprintf(stderr, "ECC: %d corrected bitflip(s) at"
						" offset 0x%08llx\n",
						stat2.corrected - stat1.corrected, ofs);
			stat1 = stat2;
		}

		/* Write out page data */
		if (pretty_print) {
			for (i = 0; i < bs; i += PRETTY_ROW_SIZE) {
				pretty_dump_to_buffer(readbuf + i, PRETTY_ROW_SIZE,
						pretty_buf, PRETTY_BUF_LEN, true, canonical, ofs + i);
				write(ofd, pretty_buf, strlen(pretty_buf));
			}
		} else
			write(ofd, readbuf, bs);

		if (omitoob)
			continue;

		if (badblock) {
			memset(oobbuf, 0xff, mtd.oob_size);
		} else {
			/* Read OOB data and exit on failure */
			if (mtd_read_oob(mtd_desc, &mtd, fd, ofs, mtd.oob_size, oobbuf)) {
				errmsg("libmtd: mtd_read_oob");
				goto closeall;
			}
		}

		/* Write out OOB data */
		if (pretty_print) {
			for (i = 0; i < mtd.oob_size; i += PRETTY_ROW_SIZE) {
				pretty_dump_to_buffer(oobbuf + i, mtd.oob_size - i,
						pretty_buf, PRETTY_BUF_LEN, false, canonical, 0);
				write(ofd, pretty_buf, strlen(pretty_buf));
			}
		} else
			write(ofd, oobbuf, mtd.oob_size);
	}

	/* Close the output file and MTD device, free memory */
	close(fd);
	close(ofd);
	free(oobbuf);
	free(readbuf);

	/* Exit happy */
	return EXIT_SUCCESS;

closeall:
	close(fd);
	close(ofd);
	free(oobbuf);
	free(readbuf);
	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}