aboutsummaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/nand-utils/nandwrite.c
blob: 8f21593253996c447e4642df550726ff829d56b9 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
/*
 *  nandwrite.c
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 2000 Steven J. Hill (sjhill@realitydiluted.com)
 *		  2003 Thomas Gleixner (tglx@linutronix.de)
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
 *
 * Overview:
 *   This utility writes a binary image directly to a NAND flash
 *   chip or NAND chips contained in DoC devices. This is the
 *   "inverse operation" of nanddump.
 *
 * tglx: Major rewrite to handle bad blocks, write data with or without ECC
 *	 write oob data only on request
 *
 * Bug/ToDo:
 */

#define PROGRAM_NAME "nandwrite"

#include <ctype.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <getopt.h>

#include <asm/types.h>
#include "mtd/mtd-user.h"
#include "common.h"
#include <libmtd.h>

static void display_help(int status)
{
	fprintf(status == EXIT_SUCCESS ? stdout : stderr,
"Usage: nandwrite [OPTION] MTD_DEVICE [INPUTFILE|-]\n"
"Writes to the specified MTD device.\n"
"\n"
"  -a, --autoplace         Use auto OOB layout\n"
"  -k, --skip-all-ffs      Skip pages that contain only 0xff bytes\n"
"  -m, --markbad           Mark blocks bad if write fails\n"
"  -n, --noecc             Write without ecc\n"
"  -N, --noskipbad         Write without bad block skipping\n"
"  -o, --oob               Input contains oob data\n"
"  -O, --onlyoob           Input contains oob data and only write the oob part\n"
"  -s addr, --start=addr   Set output start address (default is 0)\n"
"  --skip-bad-blocks-to-start"
"                          Skip bad blocks when seeking to the start address\n"
"  -p, --pad               Pad writes to page size\n"
"  -b, --blockalign=1|2|4  Set multiple of eraseblocks to align to\n"
"      --input-skip=length Skip |length| bytes of the input file\n"
"      --input-size=length Only read |length| bytes of the input file\n"
"  -q, --quiet             Don't display progress messages\n"
"  -h, --help              Display this help and exit\n"
"  -V, --version           Output version information and exit\n"
	);
	exit(status);
}

static void display_version(void)
{
	common_print_version();
	printf("Copyright (C) 2003 Thomas Gleixner \n"
			"\n"
			"%1$s comes with NO WARRANTY\n"
			"to the extent permitted by law.\n"
			"\n"
			"You may redistribute copies of %1$s\n"
			"under the terms of the GNU General Public Licence.\n"
			"See the file `COPYING' for more information.\n",
			PROGRAM_NAME);
	exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

static const char	*standard_input = "-";
static const char	*mtd_device, *img;
static long long	mtdoffset = 0;
static long long	inputskip = 0;
static long long	inputsize = 0;
static bool		quiet = false;
static bool		writeoob = false;
static bool		onlyoob = false;
static bool		markbad = false;
static bool		noecc = false;
static bool		autoplace = false;
static bool		skipallffs = false;
static bool		noskipbad = false;
static bool		pad = false;
static bool		skip_bad_blocks_to_start = false;
static int		blockalign = 1; /* default to using actual block size */

static void process_options(int argc, char * const argv[])
{
	int error = 0;

	for (;;) {
		int option_index = 0;
		static const char short_options[] = "hb:mnNoOpqs:akV";
		static const struct option long_options[] = {
			/* Order of these args with val==0 matters; see option_index. */
			{"version", no_argument, 0, 'V'},
			{"input-skip", required_argument, 0, 0},
			{"input-size", required_argument, 0, 0},
			{"skip-bad-blocks-to-start", no_argument, 0, 0},
			{"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
			{"blockalign", required_argument, 0, 'b'},
			{"markbad", no_argument, 0, 'm'},
			{"noecc", no_argument, 0, 'n'},
			{"noskipbad", no_argument, 0, 'N'},
			{"oob", no_argument, 0, 'o'},
			{"onlyoob", no_argument, 0, 'O'},
			{"pad", no_argument, 0, 'p'},
			{"quiet", no_argument, 0, 'q'},
			{"start", required_argument, 0, 's'},
			{"autoplace", no_argument, 0, 'a'},
			{"skip-all-ffs", no_argument, 0, 'k'},
			{0, 0, 0, 0},
		};

		int c = getopt_long(argc, argv, short_options,
				long_options, &option_index);
		if (c == EOF)
			break;

		switch (c) {
		case 0:
			switch (option_index) {
			case 1: /* --input-skip */
				inputskip = simple_strtoll(optarg, &error);
				break;
			case 2: /* --input-size */
				inputsize = simple_strtoll(optarg, &error);
				break;
			case 3: /* --skip-bad-blocks-to-start */
				skip_bad_blocks_to_start = true;
				break;
			}
			break;
		case 'V':
			display_version();
			break;
		case 'q':
			quiet = true;
			break;
		case 'n':
			noecc = true;
			break;
		case 'N':
			noskipbad = true;
			break;
		case 'm':
			markbad = true;
			break;
		case 'o':
			writeoob = true;
			break;
		case 'O':
			writeoob = true;
			onlyoob = true;
			break;
		case 'p':
			pad = true;
			break;
		case 's':
			mtdoffset = simple_strtoll(optarg, &error);
			break;
		case 'b':
			blockalign = atoi(optarg);
			break;
		case 'a':
			autoplace = true;
			break;
		case 'k':
			skipallffs = true;
			break;
		case 'h':
			display_help(EXIT_SUCCESS);
			break;
		case '?':
			error++;
			break;
		}
	}

	if (mtdoffset < 0)
		errmsg_die("Can't specify negative device offset with option"
				" -s: %lld", mtdoffset);

	if (blockalign <= 0)
		errmsg_die("Can't specify negative or zero blockalign with "
				"option -b: %d", blockalign);

	if (!is_power_of_2(blockalign))
		errmsg_die("Can't specify a non-power-of-two blockalign with "
				"option -b: %d", blockalign);

	if (autoplace && noecc)
		errmsg_die("Autoplacement and no-ECC are mutually exclusive");

	if (!onlyoob && (pad && writeoob))
		errmsg_die("Can't pad when oob data is present");

	argc -= optind;
	argv += optind;

	/*
	 * There must be at least the MTD device node positional
	 * argument remaining and, optionally, the input file.
	 */

	if (argc < 1 || argc > 2 || error)
		display_help(EXIT_FAILURE);

	mtd_device = argv[0];

	/*
	 * Standard input may be specified either explictly as "-" or
	 * implicity by simply omitting the second of the two
	 * positional arguments.
	 */

	img = ((argc == 2) ? argv[1] : standard_input);
}

static void erase_buffer(void *buffer, size_t size)
{
	const uint8_t kEraseByte = 0xff;

	if (buffer != NULL && size > 0)
		memset(buffer, kEraseByte, size);
}

static int is_virt_block_bad(struct mtd_dev_info *mtd, int fd,
				long long offset)
{
	int i, ret = 0;

	for (i = 0; i < blockalign; ++i) {
		ret = mtd_is_bad(mtd, fd, offset / mtd->eb_size + i);
		if (ret)
			break;
	}

	return ret;
}

/*
 * Main program
 */
int main(int argc, char * const argv[])
{
	int fd = -1;
	int ifd = -1;
	int pagelen;
	long long imglen = 0;
	long long blockstart = -1;
	struct mtd_dev_info mtd;
	int ret;
	bool failed = true;
	/* contains all the data read from the file so far for the current eraseblock */
	unsigned char *filebuf = NULL;
	size_t filebuf_max = 0;
	size_t filebuf_len = 0;
	/* points to the current page inside filebuf */
	unsigned char *writebuf = NULL;
	/* points to the OOB for the current page in filebuf */
	unsigned char *oobbuf = NULL;
	libmtd_t mtd_desc;
	int ebsize_aligned;
	uint8_t write_mode;

	process_options(argc, argv);

	/* Open the device */
	if ((fd = open(mtd_device, O_RDWR)) == -1)
		sys_errmsg_die("%s", mtd_device);

	mtd_desc = libmtd_open();
	if (!mtd_desc)
		errmsg_die("can't initialize libmtd");

	/* Fill in MTD device capability structure */
	if (mtd_get_dev_info(mtd_desc, mtd_device, &mtd) < 0)
		errmsg_die("mtd_get_dev_info failed");

	/*
	 * Pretend erasesize is specified number of blocks - to match jffs2
	 *   (virtual) block size
	 * Use this value throughout unless otherwise necessary
	 */
	ebsize_aligned = mtd.eb_size * blockalign;

	if (mtdoffset & (mtd.min_io_size - 1))
		errmsg_die("The start address is not page-aligned !\n"
			   "The pagesize of this NAND Flash is 0x%x.\n",
			   mtd.min_io_size);

	/* Select OOB write mode */
	if (noecc)
		write_mode = MTD_OPS_RAW;
	else if (autoplace)
		write_mode = MTD_OPS_AUTO_OOB;
	else
		write_mode = MTD_OPS_PLACE_OOB;

	if (noecc)  {
		ret = ioctl(fd, MTDFILEMODE, MTD_FILE_MODE_RAW);
		if (ret) {
			switch (errno) {
			case ENOTTY:
				errmsg_die("ioctl MTDFILEMODE is missing");
			default:
				sys_errmsg_die("MTDFILEMODE");
			}
		}
	}

	/* Determine if we are reading from standard input or from a file. */
	if (strcmp(img, standard_input) == 0)
		ifd = STDIN_FILENO;
	else
		ifd = open(img, O_RDONLY);

	if (ifd == -1) {
		perror(img);
		goto closeall;
	}

	pagelen = mtd.min_io_size + ((writeoob) ? mtd.oob_size : 0);

	if (ifd == STDIN_FILENO) {
		imglen = inputsize ? : pagelen;
		if (inputskip) {
			errmsg("seeking stdin not supported");
			goto closeall;
		}
	} else {
		if (!inputsize) {
			struct stat st;
			if (fstat(ifd, &st)) {
				sys_errmsg("unable to stat input image");
				goto closeall;
			}
			imglen = st.st_size - inputskip;
		} else
			imglen = inputsize;

		if (inputskip && lseek(ifd, inputskip, SEEK_CUR) == -1) {
			sys_errmsg("lseek input by %lld failed", inputskip);
			goto closeall;
		}
	}

	/* Check, if file is page-aligned */
	if (!pad && (imglen % pagelen) != 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Input file is not page-aligned. Use the padding "
				 "option.\n");
		goto closeall;
	}

	/* Skip bad blocks on the way to the start address if necessary */
	if (skip_bad_blocks_to_start) {
		long long bbs_offset = 0;
		while (bbs_offset < mtdoffset) {
			ret = is_virt_block_bad(&mtd, fd, bbs_offset);
			if (ret < 0) {
				sys_errmsg("%s: MTD get bad block failed", mtd_device);
				goto closeall;
			} else if (ret == 1) {
				if (!quiet)
					fprintf(stderr, "Bad block at %llx, %u block(s) "
						"from %llx will be skipped\n",
						bbs_offset, blockalign, bbs_offset);
				mtdoffset += ebsize_aligned;
			}
			bbs_offset += ebsize_aligned;
		}
	}

	/* Check, if length fits into device */
	if ((imglen / pagelen) * mtd.min_io_size > mtd.size - mtdoffset) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Image %lld bytes, NAND page %d bytes, OOB area %d"
				" bytes, device size %lld bytes\n",
				imglen, pagelen, mtd.oob_size, mtd.size);
		sys_errmsg("Input file does not fit into device");
		goto closeall;
	}

	/*
	 * Allocate a buffer big enough to contain all the data (OOB included)
	 * for one eraseblock. The order of operations here matters; if ebsize
	 * and pagelen are large enough, then "ebsize_aligned * pagelen" could
	 * overflow a 32-bit data type.
	 */
	filebuf_max = ebsize_aligned / mtd.min_io_size * pagelen;
	filebuf = xmalloc(filebuf_max);
	erase_buffer(filebuf, filebuf_max);

	/*
	 * Get data from input and write to the device while there is
	 * still input to read and we are still within the device
	 * bounds. Note that in the case of standard input, the input
	 * length is simply a quasi-boolean flag whose values are page
	 * length or zero.
	 */
	while ((imglen > 0 || writebuf < filebuf + filebuf_len)
		&& mtdoffset < mtd.size) {
		/*
		 * New eraseblock, check for bad block(s)
		 * Stay in the loop to be sure that, if mtdoffset changes because
		 * of a bad block, the next block that will be written to
		 * is also checked. Thus, we avoid errors if the block(s) after the
		 * skipped block(s) is also bad (number of blocks depending on
		 * the blockalign).
		 */
		while (blockstart != (mtdoffset & (~ebsize_aligned + 1))) {
			blockstart = mtdoffset & (~ebsize_aligned + 1);

			/*
			 * if writebuf == filebuf, we are rewinding so we must
			 * not reset the buffer but just replay it
			 */
			if (writebuf != filebuf) {
				erase_buffer(filebuf, filebuf_len);
				filebuf_len = 0;
				writebuf = filebuf;
			}

			if (!quiet)
				fprintf(stdout, "Writing data to block %lld at offset 0x%llx\n",
						 blockstart / ebsize_aligned, blockstart);

			if (noskipbad)
				continue;

			ret = is_virt_block_bad(&mtd, fd, blockstart);

			if (ret < 0) {
				sys_errmsg("%s: MTD get bad block failed", mtd_device);
				goto closeall;
			} else if (ret == 1) {
				if (!quiet)
					fprintf(stderr,
						"Bad block at %llx, %u block(s) "
						"will be skipped\n",
						blockstart, blockalign);

				mtdoffset = blockstart + ebsize_aligned;

				if (mtdoffset > mtd.size) {
					errmsg("too many bad blocks, cannot complete request");
					goto closeall;
				}
			}
		}

		/* Read more data from the input if there isn't enough in the buffer */
		if (writebuf + mtd.min_io_size > filebuf + filebuf_len) {
			size_t readlen = mtd.min_io_size;
			size_t alreadyread = (filebuf + filebuf_len) - writebuf;
			size_t tinycnt = alreadyread;
			ssize_t cnt = 0;

			while (tinycnt < readlen) {
				cnt = read(ifd, writebuf + tinycnt, readlen - tinycnt);
				if (cnt == 0) { /* EOF */
					break;
				} else if (cnt < 0) {
					perror("File I/O error on input");
					goto closeall;
				}
				tinycnt += cnt;
			}

			/* No padding needed - we are done */
			if (tinycnt == 0) {
				/*
				 * For standard input, set imglen to 0 to signal
				 * the end of the "file". For nonstandard input,
				 * leave it as-is to detect an early EOF.
				 */
				if (ifd == STDIN_FILENO)
					imglen = 0;

				break;
			}

			/* Padding */
			if (tinycnt < readlen) {
				if (!pad) {
					fprintf(stderr, "Unexpected EOF. Expecting at least "
							"%zu more bytes. Use the padding option.\n",
							readlen - tinycnt);
					goto closeall;
				}
				erase_buffer(writebuf + tinycnt, readlen - tinycnt);
			}

			filebuf_len += readlen - alreadyread;
			if (ifd != STDIN_FILENO) {
				imglen -= tinycnt - alreadyread;
			} else if (cnt == 0) {
				/* No more bytes - we are done after writing the remaining bytes */
				imglen = 0;
			}
		}

		if (writeoob) {
			oobbuf = writebuf + mtd.min_io_size;

			/* Read more data for the OOB from the input if there isn't enough in the buffer */
			if (oobbuf + mtd.oob_size > filebuf + filebuf_len) {
				size_t readlen = mtd.oob_size;
				size_t alreadyread = (filebuf + filebuf_len) - oobbuf;
				size_t tinycnt = alreadyread;
				ssize_t cnt;

				while (tinycnt < readlen) {
					cnt = read(ifd, oobbuf + tinycnt, readlen - tinycnt);
					if (cnt == 0) { /* EOF */
						break;
					} else if (cnt < 0) {
						perror("File I/O error on input");
						goto closeall;
					}
					tinycnt += cnt;
				}

				if (tinycnt < readlen) {
					fprintf(stderr, "Unexpected EOF. Expecting at least "
							"%zu more bytes for OOB\n", readlen - tinycnt);
					goto closeall;
				}

				filebuf_len += readlen - alreadyread;
				if (ifd != STDIN_FILENO) {
					imglen -= tinycnt - alreadyread;
				} else if (cnt == 0) {
					/* No more bytes - we are done after writing the remaining bytes */
					imglen = 0;
				}
			}
		}

		ret = 0;
		if (!skipallffs || !buffer_check_pattern(writebuf, mtd.min_io_size, 0xff)) {
			/* Write out data */
			ret = mtd_write(mtd_desc, &mtd, fd, mtdoffset / mtd.eb_size,
					mtdoffset % mtd.eb_size,
					onlyoob ? NULL : writebuf,
					onlyoob ? 0 : mtd.min_io_size,
					writeoob ? oobbuf : NULL,
					writeoob ? mtd.oob_size : 0,
					write_mode);
		}

		if (ret) {
			if (errno != EIO) {
				sys_errmsg("%s: MTD write failure", mtd_device);
				goto closeall;
			}

			/* Must rewind to blockstart if we can */
			writebuf = filebuf;

			fprintf(stderr, "Erasing failed write from %#08llx to %#08llx\n",
				blockstart, blockstart + ebsize_aligned - 1);

			if (mtd_erase_multi(mtd_desc, &mtd, fd,
					blockstart / mtd.eb_size, blockalign)) {
				int errno_tmp = errno;
				sys_errmsg("%s: MTD Erase failure", mtd_device);
				if (errno_tmp != EIO)
					goto closeall;
			}

			if (markbad) {
				fprintf(stderr, "Marking block at %08llx bad\n",
						mtdoffset & (~mtd.eb_size + 1));
				if (mtd_mark_bad(&mtd, fd, mtdoffset / mtd.eb_size)) {
					sys_errmsg("%s: MTD Mark bad block failure", mtd_device);
					goto closeall;
				}
			}
			mtdoffset = blockstart + ebsize_aligned;

			continue;
		}
		mtdoffset += mtd.min_io_size;
		writebuf += pagelen;
	}

	failed = false;

closeall:
	close(ifd);
	libmtd_close(mtd_desc);
	free(filebuf);
	close(fd);

	if (failed || (ifd != STDIN_FILENO && imglen > 0)
		   || (writebuf < filebuf + filebuf_len))
		sys_errmsg_die("Data was only partially written due to error");

	/* Return happy */
	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}